The Prohibition of Slavery in U.S. Territories: June 19, 1862
1862 · Washington D.C., United States
The U.S. Congress prohibits slavery in United States territories, nullifying the Dred Scott decision.
Founding of the National Academy of Sciences
On February 26, 1863, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was officially established in the United States. This pivotal moment in the history of American science was facilitated by an Act of Congress, which was promptly signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. The NAS was created with a mission to “investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art.”
Context and Background
The mid-19th century was a period marked by rapid scientific and technological advancements, necessitating structured support and advisory for the growing needs of the federal government in scientific matters. The establishment of the NAS was partly driven by the desire to formalize the influence of science in national policy and ensure that decisions could be informed by expert advice.
Several influential scientists, including Alexander Dallas Bache, Joseph Henry, and other prominent figures, advocated for such an institution. Their concerted efforts culminated in an act passed by the 37th Congress, which led to the formation of the NAS. The organization was to be an honorific society of scientists, independent yet available to provide expert advice to the government free of charge.
Significance
The NAS’s formation marked a significant advancement in the organization and institutionalization of scientific endeavors in the United States. It not only created a formal mechanism for scientists to influence public policy but also elevated the role of scientific inquiry within American society.
The role of the NAS has since expanded, continuing to tackle pressing national and international issues and guiding policy through evidence-based research and expert analysis. Its creation paved the way for further developments in national science policy, leading to the establishment of other pivotal institutions like the National Research Council and the National Academy of Engineering.
In essence, the founding of the NAS underscored a commitment to the value of science in public service and policy, fostering a legacy that would support the progressive integration of scientific knowledge into governance for generations to come.