Inauguration of New Delhi as the Capital of India

On February 10, 1931, New Delhi was officially inaugurated as the capital city of India, a pivotal moment marking a significant transition in India’s urban and administrative landscape. This event was a culmination of meticulous planning and architectural brilliance, crafted during the British colonial era by architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.

Context and Background

• Decision Shift: The decision to transfer the capital from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi was made during the Delhi Durbar of 1911, attended by King George V and Queen Mary. This move was intended to symbolize British power and reflect the importance of Delhi as a historical and strategic center.

• Architectural Vision: Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker were appointed to design the new capital. Lutyens, known for his neoclassical style, took charge of the overarching city plan and major government buildings. Baker contributed with the design of key structures such as the Secretariats and the iconic Viceroy’s House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan).

Key Events of the Inauguration

• The ceremonial inauguration of New Delhi involved elaborate events and was attended by Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India.
• The event showcased the completion of major infrastructural frameworks and iconic edifices, including the India Gate.

Architectural and Urban Features

• City Planning: New Delhi was designed with wide avenues and gardens, blending traditional Indian architecture with European styles, aligned symbolically to reflect British imperial aspirations.
• Major Structures: Landmarks include Connaught Place, an important commercial hub, and Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India.

Aftermath and Significance

• Urban Expansion: The inauguration marked the beginning of New Delhi’s development into a prominent urban center, playing a central role in India’s governance and administration post-independence.
• Cultural and Political Hub: Over the years, New Delhi has evolved into not just the seat of power but also a cultural hub, shaping modern India’s identity and aspirations.
• Symbol of Colonial Architecture: Although designed during colonial rule, New Delhi’s architecture and layout have become intrinsic to India’s heritage, representing the complex blend of colonial and native influences.

New Delhi’s founding as the capital of India is a testament to the architectural prowess of the era and a pivotal point in India’s history, profoundly influencing its path to modernity and independence.