Louis XVI Becomes King of France

On May 10, 1774, Louis XVI ascended to the throne of France following the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. This transition marked a significant moment in French history, setting the stage for the dramatic events that would unfold in the latter part of the 18th century.

Context and Background

• Louis XV’s Reign: Louis XV, known as “Louis the Beloved,” reigned for 59 years, from 1715 to 1774. His rule was marked by a mix of successes and failures, including the loss of French territories in North America following the Seven Years’ War and growing financial difficulties for the French crown.

• Louis XVI’s Early Life: Born on August 23, 1754, Louis-Auguste was the third son of the Dauphin Louis and Maria Josepha of Saxony. He became the Dauphin of France in 1765 after the death of his father. Known for his shy and introverted nature, Louis was not initially groomed to be king, which influenced his later rule.

Ascension to the Throne

• Death of Louis XV: Louis XV died on May 10, 1774, from smallpox at the age of 64. His death marked the end of an era and the beginning of a new chapter under his grandson’s reign.

• Coronation of Louis XVI: Louis XVI was officially crowned on June 11, 1775, at the Cathedral of Reims, following the traditional coronation ceremony of French kings. His ascension was met with hope for reform and renewal.

Challenges and Reforms

• Economic Struggles: Louis XVI inherited a nation burdened by debt and economic challenges. The financial strain was exacerbated by France’s involvement in the American Revolutionary War, which, while successful in aiding the American colonies, further drained the royal coffers.

• Attempts at Reform: Louis XVI attempted to implement financial reforms to stabilize the economy. He appointed several finance ministers, including Turgot and Necker, who proposed various measures to reduce the deficit and modernize the financial system. However, these efforts were often met with resistance from the nobility and the parlements.

Significance and Consequences

• Prelude to Revolution: Louis XVI’s reign is most notably marked by the growing discontent among the French populace, which eventually culminated in the French Revolution. His inability to effectively address the financial crisis and the demands for political reform contributed to the revolutionary fervor.

• Legacy: Louis XVI’s reign ended tragically with his execution by guillotine on January 21, 1793, during the height of the French Revolution. His death symbolized the end of absolute monarchy in France and the rise of republican ideals.

In summary, the ascension of Louis XVI on May 10, 1774, was a pivotal moment in French history, setting in motion a series of events that would lead to profound political and social transformations in France and beyond.