Election of Pope Stephen II and the Consequence

On March 23, 752, a significant event unfolded in the history of the papacy: the election of Stephen II as pope. However, this event took an unusual turn, as Stephen II passed away just three days later, on March 26, before he could be consecrated. This brief period between his election and untimely death led to a unique situation in the annals of the Catholic Church.

Context and Background

The mid-8th century was a tumultuous period for the papacy and the broader Christian world. The Byzantine Empire, which had traditionally exerted influence over the papacy, was facing internal strife and external threats. Meanwhile, the Lombards, a Germanic people who had settled in Italy, posed a significant threat to Rome and the Papal States.

The papacy was in need of strong leadership to navigate these challenges, and the election of a new pope was a critical event. Stephen II was chosen to succeed Pope Zachary, who had died on March 15, 752.

The Election and Immediate Aftermath

Stephen II’s election was a result of the Church’s need for continuity and stability. However, his sudden death before consecration created a canonical dilemma. According to the norms of the time, a pope’s authority was fully recognized only after consecration. Since Stephen II died before this could occur, he is not listed as an official pope in the Annuario Pontificio, the annual directory of the Holy See.

Election of Pope Stephen III

Following Stephen II’s death, a new election was promptly held, resulting in the selection of Pope Stephen III (also known as Stephen II in some historical records due to the confusion over the numbering). He was consecrated on March 26, 752, the same day Stephen II passed away. Pope Stephen III’s papacy marked the continuation of efforts to strengthen the Church’s position amidst the political complexities of the time.

Historical Significance

The brief and unusual episode of Stephen II’s election and death underscores the challenges faced by the papacy in maintaining continuity and authority during periods of instability. It also highlights the evolving nature of papal elections and the importance of consecration in legitimizing a pope’s authority.

This event is a reminder of the intricate relationship between religious and political spheres in medieval Europe, as well as the resilience of the papal institution in overcoming unexpected challenges.