The Synodus Palmaris: Addressing the Acacian Schism

On March 29, 502, the Synodus Palmaris was convened in Rome by the Gothic King Theodoric the Great. This synod was a significant event in the history of the early Christian Church, primarily focused on addressing the Acacian Schism, a major ecclesiastical conflict between the Eastern and Western Churches.

Historical Context

The Acacian Schism (484-519) was a division between the Eastern Orthodox Church, centered in Constantinople, and the Roman Catholic Church. The schism was named after Acacius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, whose actions led to a rift with Pope Felix III. The conflict arose from differing theological positions and political tensions, particularly concerning the nature of Christ and the authority of the Pope.

Key Events Leading to the Synod

1. Henotikon of 482: Issued by Byzantine Emperor Zeno, this edict aimed to reconcile differences between Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian Christians. However, it was perceived as a compromise that favored the Monophysite position, leading to further discord.

2. Excommunication of Acacius: In 484, Pope Felix III excommunicated Acacius for his support of the Henotikon, formalizing the schism.

3. Theodoric’s Role: As the ruler of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy, Theodoric the Great sought to maintain stability and unity within his realm, which included both Arians and Catholics. His interest in resolving the schism was both political and religious.

The Synodus Palmaris

The Synodus Palmaris was convened to address the ongoing schism and to discuss the theological and ecclesiastical issues dividing the Eastern and Western Churches. The synod was held in the presence of King Theodoric, who, despite being an Arian Christian, played a mediating role.

Outcomes of the Synod

• Reaffirmation of Papal Authority: The synod reaffirmed the authority of the Pope over the Western Church, emphasizing the importance of maintaining doctrinal purity and unity.
• Efforts at Reconciliation: While the synod did not immediately resolve the schism, it laid the groundwork for future negotiations and highlighted the need for dialogue between the two branches of Christianity.

Aftermath and Historical Significance

The Acacian Schism continued until 519, when it was finally resolved through negotiations between Pope Hormisdas and Emperor Justin I. The Synodus Palmaris was a crucial step in the process, demonstrating the complexities of church politics and the interplay between religious and secular authorities.

The synod’s significance lies in its attempt to bridge theological divides and its reflection of the broader challenges faced by the early Christian Church in maintaining unity amidst doctrinal and political differences. It also underscores the role of secular rulers like Theodoric in influencing ecclesiastical affairs.

In summary, the Synodus Palmaris was a pivotal moment in the history of the Christian Church, highlighting the enduring struggle for unity and the intricate relationship between church and state during this period.